Writing Data (Go)

Overview

The Prisma client is generated from your datamodel. Its API exposes CRUD and other operations for the models defined in the datamodel.

For this page, we'll assume your Prisma project is based on the following datamodel:

type Post {
  id: ID! @id
  createdAt: DateTime! @createdAt
  updatedAt: DateTime! @updatedAt
  title: String!
  published: Boolean! @default(value: false)
  author: User
  comments: [Comment!]!
}

type User {
  id: ID! @id
  name: String
  email: String! @unique
  role: Role! @default(value: "USER")
  posts: [Post!]!
  comments: [Comment!]!
}

type Comment {
  id: ID! @id
  createdAt: DateTime! @createdAt
  text: String!
  post: Post!
  writtenBy: User!
}

enum Role {
  USER
  ADMIN
}

For each model type in your datamodel, six methods for writing data are generated. For example, for the User model the following operations are available:

• createUser: Creates a new User record in the database.
• updateUser: Updates an existing User record in the database.
• deleteUser: Deletes an existing User record from the database.
• upsertUser: Updates an existing or create a new User record in the database.
• updateManyUsers: Updates many existing User records in the database at once.
• deleteManyUsers: Deletes many existing User records from the database at once.

Creating records

When creating new records in the database, the Create-method takes one input object which wraps all the scalar fields of the record to be created. It also provides a way to create relational data for the model, this can be supplied using nested object writes.

Each method call returns an object that contains all the scalar fields of the model that was just created.

Examples

Create a new user:

email := "alice@prisma.io"
name := "Alice"
user, err := client.CreateUser(prisma.UserCreateInput{
  Email: email,
  Name:  &name,
}).Exec(ctx)
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Create a new post and set alice@prisma.io as the author:

When using the MySQL or Postgres databases connectors, the following call is executed as a single database transaction. The MongoDB connector doesn't support transactions yet. Learn more in the Declarative nest writes section.

email := "alice@prisma.io"
title := "Join us for GraphQL Conf in 2019"
post, err := client.CreatePost(prisma.PostCreateInput{
  Title: title,
  Author: &prisma.UserCreateOneWithoutPostsInput{
    Connect: &prisma.UserWhereUniqueInput{
      Email: &email,
    },
  },
}).Exec(ctx)
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Create a new user with two new posts:

When using the MySQL or Postgres databases connectors, the following call is executed as a single database transaction. The MongoDB connector doesn't support transactions yet.

name := "Bob"
email := "bob@prisma.io"
title1 := "Follow @prisma on Twitter"
title2 := "Join us for GraphQL Conf"
user, err := client.CreateUser(prisma.UserCreateInput{
    Email: email,
    Name:  &name,
    Posts: &prisma.PostCreateManyWithoutAuthorInput{
        Create: []prisma.PostCreateWithoutAuthorInput{
            prisma.PostCreateWithoutAuthorInput{
                Title: title1,
            },
            prisma.PostCreateWithoutAuthorInput{
                Title: title2,
            },
        },
    },
}).Exec(ctx)
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Updating records

When updating existing records in the database, the Update-method receives one input object with two fields:

• Data: This is similar to the input object you provide to a Create-method. It wraps scalar fields of the model to be updated and lets you provide relational data via nested object writes.
• Where: This is used to select the record that should be updated. You can use any unique field to identify the record. For the example datamodel above, this means that for User, Post and Comment it has an id property. For User it additionally accepts the email field.

Each method call returns an object that contains all the scalar fields of the model that was just updated.

Examples

Update the role of an existing user:

id := "cjsyytzn0004d0982gbyeqep7"
role := prisma.RoleAdmin
user, err := client.UpdateUser(prisma.UserUpdateParams{
  Where: prisma.UserWhereUniqueInput{
    ID: &id,
  },
  Data: prisma.UserUpdateInput{
    Role: &role,
  },
}).Exec(ctx)
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Update the author of a post:

id := "cjsx2j8bw02920b25rl806l07"
email := "bob@prisma.io"
post, err := client.UpdatePost(prisma.PostUpdateParams{
    Where: prisma.PostWhereUniqueInput{
        ID: &id,
    },
    Data: prisma.PostUpdateInput{
        Author: &prisma.UserUpdateOneWithoutPostsInput{
            Connect: &prisma.UserWhereUniqueInput{
                Email: &email,
            },
        },
    },
}).Exec(ctx)
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Deleting records

When deleting records from the database, the Delete-method receives one input object that specifies which record is to be deleted. The type of this input object is similar to the Where object in Update-methods.

The properties of that object correspond to those fields of the model that are marked as unique. For the example datamodel above, this means that for User, Post and Comment it has an id property. For User it additionally accepts the email field.

Each method call returns an object that contains all the scalar fields of the model that was just deleted.

Examples

Delete a post by its id:

id := "cjsyqxwqo000j0982da8cvw7o"
post, err := client.DeletePost(prisma.PostWhereUniqueInput{
    ID: &id,
}).Exec(ctx)
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Delete a user by their email:

email := "bob@prisma.io"
user, err := client.DeleteUser(prisma.UserWhereUniqueInput{
  Email: &email,
}).Exec(ctx)
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Creating or updating objects (upserts)

Upsert operations allow you to try to update an existing record. If that record actually does not exist yet, it will be created. The Upsert-methods are a mix of Create- and Update-methods, meaning they receive an input argument that has three fields:

• Where: Identical to the Where field provided in Update-methods
• Update: Identical to the Data field provided in Update-methods
• Create: Identical to the input object provided in Create-methods

Examples

Update the role of a user. If the user doesn't exist yet, create a new one:

name := "Alice"
role := prisma.RoleAdmin
email := "alice@prisma.io"
user, err := client.UpsertUser(prisma.UserUpsertParams{
    Where: prisma.UserWhereUniqueInput{
        Email: &email,
    },
    Update: prisma.UserUpdateInput{
        Role: &role,
    },
    Create: prisma.UserCreateInput{
        Email: email,
        Role:  &role,
        Name:  &name,
    },
}).Exec(ctx)
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Updating and deleting many records in bulk

The Prisma client API offers special methods to update or delete many records at once. Each UpdateMany- and DeleteMany-method returns the number of records that ultimately have been affected by the operation.

Examples

Unpublish three posts by their IDs:

ids := []string{"cjsyqxwqv000l0982p5qdq34p", "cjsyqxwqo000j0982da8cvw7o", "cjsyqxwr0000n0982cke8i5sc"}
published := true
updatedPostsCount, err := client.UpdateManyPosts(prisma.PostUpdateManyParams{
  Where: &prisma.PostWhereInput{
    IDIn: ids,
  },
  Data: prisma.PostUpdateManyMutationInput{
    Published: &published,
  },
}).Exec(ctx)
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Update all posts where the description contains the string prisma and publish them:

filter := "prisma"
published := true
updatedPostsCount, err := client.UpdateManyPosts(prisma.PostUpdateManyParams{
  Where: &prisma.PostWhereInput{
    TitleContains: &filter,
  },
  Data: prisma.PostUpdateManyMutationInput{
    Published: &published,
  },
}).Exec(ctx)
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Delete all posts that were created before 2018:

christmas := "2019-12-24"
deletePostsCount, err := client.DeleteManyPosts(&prisma.PostWhereInput{
  CreatedAtGt: &christmas,
}).Exec(ctx)
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Nested object writes

Nested object writes let you modify multiple database records across relations in a single transaction. Nested object writes are available for Create- and Update-methods.

Because the model User has a relation to Post via the author field, you can create/update/delete Post records through CreateUser and UpdateUser operations. In these cases, the Author field in the Data object for CreateUser and UpdateUser operations can contain one or more of the following keywords:

• Create: Creates a new Post record and connects it via the author field to the User record.
• Update: Updates a Post record that is connected to a User record via the author field.
• Upsert: Updates a Post record that is connected to a User record via the author field or creates a new Post record and connects it via the author field to the User record.
• Delete: Deletes a Post record that is connected to a User record via the author field.
• Connect: Connects a Post record to a User record via the author field.
• Disconnect: Disconnects a Post record from a User record.
• Set: Connects a Post record to a User record via the author field. If the Post record was connected to a different User record before, it is disconnected from that one (Set effecitvely executes connect and disconnect operations under the hood).

id := "cjsyqxwqo000j0982da8cvw7o"
name := "Bob"
email := "bob@prisma.io"
title1 := "Follow @prisma on Twitter"
title2 := "Join us for GraphQL Conf"
user, err := client.CreateUser(prisma.UserCreateInput{
  Email: email,
  Name:  &name,
  Posts: &prisma.PostCreateManyWithoutAuthorInput{
    Create: []prisma.PostCreateWithoutAuthorInput{
      prisma.PostCreateWithoutAuthorInput{
        Title: title1,
      },
      prisma.PostCreateWithoutAuthorInput{
        Title: title2,
      },
    },
    Connect: []prisma.PostWhereUniqueInput{
      prisma.PostWhereUniqueInput{
        ID: &id,
      },
    },
  },
}).Exec(ctx)
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